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Thursday, Feb 9th 2012


Revisiting Headlines - Public Sector Labour Costs. The Recession Diaries - March 2nd

With industrial action in the public sector ramping up a couple of notches, it is worth revisiting a couple of issues in relation to pay. A critical issue is the fiscal benefit or otherwise that accrues to the Exchequer from cutting public sector wages - I will examine this in the next post. Here, let’s take a look at another issue - a comparison of public sector labour costs throughout Europe.

During the last year and a half it has often been asserted that we have, in European terms, a highly paid public sector workforce. My favourite headline comes from the Sligo Champion which, not satisfied with parochial European comparisons, declared:

‘We have the highest paid public servants in the World’

Quite a claim - especially when there is no data to back this up.

One of the problems in comparing public sector wages internationally is that there is no internationally agreed definition of ‘public sector’ employee. For instance, in Ireland are ESB workers ‘public sector’? They’re not private sector as the company is publicly owned. However, they don’t fall into the category of ‘General Government Employee’ nor are they paid out of the Exchequer pay and pension budget. Defining these ‘public enterprise’ workers is one of the complications international agencies face when defining ‘public sector’ or ‘Government employees, especially when different countries have widely varying organisational practices.

However, the EU Klems database compiles comprehensive data on total labour costs and total hours worked by various economic sectors. Some of these can be directly related to the public sector - in particular NACE L: Public Administration & Defence. Throughout Europe, including Ireland, it is likely that all employees in this category will be public sector workers (unlike NACE N: Health & Social Work where, in Ireland, only about 55 percent of all employees are in the public sector).

So what do we find when we compare labour costs (wages plus employers’ payroll contributions) in the public administration sector which, in Ireland, makes up approximately 100,000 employees?

Public Sector Workers

  • Irish labour costs rank 10th out of the EU-15
  • Irish labour costs per hour are €2.02 below the EU-15 average - or 7.2 percent
  • When compared with our peer group in the EU-15 (excluding the poorer Mediterranean countries), Irish labour costs per hour are €4.28 per hour below average - or 14.2 percent.

The Sligo Champion might want to revisit their headline.

Of course, this is before both the pension levy (which wouldn’t show up as a pay cut in these tables) and the Budget 2010 pay cuts (which would). So there is a reasonable chance that Irish public sector labour costs will have fallen further behind European averages. (I won’t even go into PPPs, factoring in living standards; Irish public sector wages would fall even further behind European averages).

This data might be surprising for those who give the headlines the benefit of the doubt. But it shouldn’t be. As has been continuously pointed out, Ireland is a relatively low-waged economy - both private and private. No doubt, the counter-argument will be, ‘Regardless of comparisons, we have to cut public sector wages because of the fiscal crisis we are in’. We will deal with that issue in the next post.

But let’s at least start setting the record straight - a record that has been distorted by unsubstantiated assertions… Irish public sector labour costs are not high, the men and women who have been subjected to an average 14 percent pay cut over the last year, are not by comparison expensive to employ. If anything, by European terms, we are getting a good deal.

Too bad public sector workers - who offer a considerable amount for relatively low cost - aren’t getting the same deal.

Discussion

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  1. Comment by: Robert McCann.

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 09:03

    What has been interesting (or sinister depending on I suppose a point of view) is the complete lack of coverage by the mainstream media; (including the publically funded RTE)of the street protests in Greece at the Greek goverments handling of their economic crisis. Is it me; or is it, that there is a sort of unwritten collusion between the Irish government and the media to prevent Irish citizens from seeing these reports? Are they (the government) afraid that the citizens in Ireland might take to the streets in solidarity with the citizens of Greece and the millions of other un-happy and fearful citizens in Europe?

    I’m reminded of the Greek protestors chanting (reported on the BBC News) “we are not Irish, we will resist…we are not Irish we will resist”

    So that is how we are viewd…Bertie Aherne’s government very cleverly dismantled though ’social partnership’ the structures that gave citizens and workers in this country a say in how the country should be governed and organised…

    Is there any research out there to show the over-all benefit to the country of social partnership…from what I see the gap between rich and poor has just got wider, and the potential for social mobility has been degraded?? “we are Irish and we are gombeens…”

    One thing for sure is that governments do not like people power or referendums…witness the citizens of Iceland protesting at the Dutch and British claims for compensation from the Icelandic taxpayer for the failures of Icelandicbank…The hero of the moment President Ramundssun of Iceland “we are Icelandic…we will not be bullied by the British & the Dutch…we are Icelandic…we will not be bullied by the big corporations…”

    3 cheers for the vikings…maybe we should invite them back to Ireland?

    Cheers all.

  2. Comment by: Robert McCann.

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 09:03

    Postscript…I just read Alda Sigmunsdottir report and the links to reports that the reforendum and the ‘Black Report’ into the fiancial collapse in Iceland has been delayed etc…sound familiar…

  3. Comment by: Rory

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 16:03

    Those figures can’t tell the full story. They only cover 100,000 people. There are about 300,000 public sector workers (so says the BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478183.stm ). The make up of the other two thirds is very important.

  4. Comment by: Rory

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 16:03

    Another problem with your chart is that the UK is included, and they have obviously converted GBP into Euro. However the GBP has plummeted compared to the Euro since 2007 (source: http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=GBPEUR=X&t=5y&l=off&z=m&q=l&c= ). If you were to recreate that chart today, Ireland would probably be above the UK.

  5. Comment by: Conor McCabe

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 20:03

    Rory, the figures clearly relate to public administration and defence, which is around 100,000, and NOT public sector, which is 260,000 to 300,000, depending on the figures used.

    You are getting one thing mixed up with another.

  6. Comment by: donagh

    Mar 3rd 2010 at 22:03

    Rory, it would be more helpful if you read the post. Michael Taft has responded to similar points on Progressive Economy
    https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=5961255208140513592&postID=261250587574696439

    As to the public sector - Public Adminstration/Defence, Education and Health - the CSO shows that employment is broadly broken down on a 1/3 each (with Health slightly higher). So Public Adminstration/Defence is a large category of public sector workers here.

    As to the UK - this is 2007 data and I used the average exchange rate from Eurostat. Yes, labour costs will have changed - but that is as much a function of measuring currency movements, as it is labour costs. To square that, one has to use PPPs - but I don’t have 2009/2010 levels to make that comparison.

    At the end of the day, no matter how we debate particulars, the overall is that labour costs (direct and social wage) are lower here than most other EU countries - in some cases significantly so.

    And on his own blog:
    http://notesonthefront.typepad.com/politicaleconomy/2010/03/with-industrial-action-in-the-public-sector-ramping-up-a-couple-of-notches-it-is-worth-revisiting-a-couple-of-issues-in-rela.html?cid=6a00d8342f650553ef0120a8f0ffeb970b#comment-6a00d8342f650553ef0120a8f0ffeb970b

    All in all, Irish wage – as opposed to labour costs – would remain somewhere in the middle. But there is one thing to take into account. If PPPs were used, Irish wages would fall further since our Euros are not worth as much as in other countries owing to our high living costs.

    Ultimately, labour costs measure two types of wages – a headline wage and a social wage. Strip out the social wage (that is, all the benefits that flow from the ESSC) and Ireland fares badly.

    Michael Burke on PE also adds a number of points about PPPs, real wages values and ‘competitiveness’
    The OECD PPPs are to be found here.

    These are for individual consumption, that is based on the goods and services actually bought.

    http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=SNA_TABLE4

    So an Irish € only buys what 82cents buys you in Germany and is equivalent to £0.64, and so on. This significantly reduces the real relative wages of Irish workers.

    Absent comprehensive data, which could support or refute outlandish claims as to Irish pay, a subsectoral analysis, comprising one third of the public workforce is entirely valid.

    Indeed, it is inconceiveable that the ratio of pay in ‘public administration and defence’ to the remainder of the public sector could be significantly lower in Ireland than in the rest of the EU. In an era of labour mobility, the EU’s teachers and health workers would be flocking to Ireland if that were so. In fact it is frquently alleged by many commentators (who hold to this fiction of bloated public sector pay) that there are restrictive hiring practises. If such existed, they would be precisely concentrated in the ‘public administraion and defence’ spheres, rather than, say, health workers. This could only mean that in terms of pay, the ‘paad’ sector Michael Taft is obliged to use, would be unrepresentative only because its pay in Ireland was higher than the EU norm.

    If the issue of competitiveness is being discussed, insofar as labour plays a role in that calculation, costs are precisely the place to begin, not pay, since it is immaterial to the employer whether the costs are direct ones (pay and pensions) or indirect ones (taxes and levies).

    In reality, there are a myriad of othr factors which comprise ‘competitiveness’.

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